文艺码农~手把手教你如何绘制一辆会跑车

2018-10-29 19:24:56 +08:00
 southSu

前言

灵感来源于前些天捡到钱了,就想着是时候给自己买辆车了,工作这么多年了应该对自己好一点,在网上搜索了一下看到这个车型。其实几年前是买过一辆的,但是不到一个月就被人偷了,伤心了好久。这次一定锁好,上三把锁保证小偷再也偷不走了,于是我拿着钱去买了些益力多,跟同事分享了,心情还是比较愉悦的。—— @IT·平头哥联盟,我是首席填坑官苏南(South·Su) ^_^~

但想来作为一名程序(嗯,还是个菜鸟,专业首席填坑官哦😇),车基本是用不上的啦,为啥?因为有改不完的 bug,记得刚毕业那时候最大的梦想是:“撩个妹子 携手仗剑天涯,惩奸除恶、劫富济贫,快意人生~”,无奈一入 IT 深似海,从此 BUG 改不完啊。所以还是多学习吧,这不就学着画了个车满足一下自己的心里安慰,在这里把大家一起分享一下,唉,有点扯偏了~,大家先来看一下最终的效果图吧!

想直接在线预览 👈

过程解析:

效果已经看了到,有没有感觉很牛 B ??其实也就一般般啦~,接下来就让我带大家一起分解一下它的实现过程吧   canvas中文名中:画布,它就跟我们在纸上画画一样,画某样东西之前,我们要先学会构思、拆解你要画的东西,就跟汽车、手机等东西一样,一个成品都是由很多零件组成的,当你拆解开来,一点点完成再组装的,就会变的容易的多。

  horizon(){
      /**
      * 轮子的底部,也称地平线:
      1.清除画布
      2.画一条直线,且高度 6px
      本文 @IT·平头哥联盟-首席填坑官∙苏南分享,非商业转载请注明原链接及出处
       */

      this.wheelPos = [];
      this.ctx.save();
      this.ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.canvasW, this.canvasH);

      let horizonX = 0,horizonY = this.canvasH-100;
      this.ctx.beginPath();
      this.ctx.strokeStyle = this.color;
      this.ctx.lineWidth=6;
      this.ctx.moveTo(horizonX,horizonY);
      this.ctx.lineTo(this.canvasW,horizonY);
      this.ctx.closePath();
      this.ctx.stroke();

      Array.from({length:5}).map((k,v)=>{
          let dotProportion = (this.canvasW*0.49)*v-this.oneCent;
          this.wheelPos.push({x:dotProportion,y:horizonY-this.wheelRadius});
          let startX = dotProportion-(this.animateNum*2); //用于动画滚动移动
          this.ctx.beginPath();
          this.ctx.strokeStyle = "#f9f8ef";
          this.ctx.lineWidth=6;
          this.ctx.moveTo(startX,horizonY);
          this.ctx.lineTo(startX+5,horizonY);
          this.ctx.closePath();
          this.ctx.stroke();
      });
      this.ctx.restore();
      this.shuttle();
      // this.wheel();
  }
  shuttle(){
      /**
      * 画几根横线,有点视差,感觉骑车在飞速穿梭的感觉:
      本文 @IT·平头哥联盟-首席填坑官∙苏南分享,非商业转载请注明原链接及出处
       */
      let shuttleX = this.canvasW+100,
              shuttleY = this.canvasH/6;
      let shuttleW = shuttleX+100;
      [0,40,0].map((k,v)=>{
          let random = Math.random()+2;
          let x = shuttleX+k-(this.animateNum*(2.2*random));
          let y = shuttleY+v*24;
          let w = shuttleW+k-(this.animateNum*(2.2*random));
          let grd=this.ctx.createLinearGradient(x,y,w,y);
          grd.addColorStop(0,"#30212c");
          grd.addColorStop(1,"#fff");
          this.ctx.beginPath();
          this.ctx.lineCap="round";
          this.ctx.strokeStyle = grd;
          this.ctx.lineWidth=3;
          this.ctx.moveTo(x,y);
          this.ctx.lineTo(w,y);
          this.ctx.stroke();
          this.ctx.closePath();

      });

  }
  console.log(this.wheelPos);
  this.wheelPos = this.wheelPos.slice(1,3); //这里取 1-3
  console.log(this.wheelPos);
  this.wheelPos.map((wheelItem,v)=>{
    let wheelItemX = wheelItem.x, 
    wheelItemY= wheelItem.y-this.wheelBorder/1.5;

    //外胎
    this.ctx.beginPath();
    this.ctx.lineWidth=this.wheelBorder;
    this.ctx.fillStyle = "#f5f5f0";
    this.ctx.strokeStyle = this.color;
    this.ctx.arc(wheelItemX,wheelItemY,this.wheelRadius,0,Math.PI*2,false);
    this.ctx.closePath();
    this.ctx.stroke();
    this.ctx.fill();


    //最后两轮胎中心点圆轴承
    this.axisDot(wheelItemX,wheelItemY);
    this.ctx.restore();
    
  });
  this.ctx.restore();

  context.createRadialGradient(x0,y0,r0,x1,y1,r1);
  + createRadialGradient API 说明:
    x0 = 渐变的开始圆的 x 坐标
    y0 = 渐变的开始圆的 y 坐标
    r0 = 开始圆的半径
    x1 = 渐变的结束圆的 x 坐标
    y1 = 渐变的结束圆的 y 坐标
    r1 = 结束圆的半径

    详细使用请看下面代码的实例

  let scaleMultiple = this.wheelRadius*.94;
  let speed1 = this.animateNum*2; //外圈半圆速度
  let speed2 = this.animateNum*3; //内小圈半圆速度
  //后轮
  if(v === 0){
    
    //内圆
    this.ctx.beginPath();
    let circleGrd=this.ctx.createRadialGradient(wheelItemX,wheelItemY,18,wheelItemX,wheelItemY,scaleMultiple);
      circleGrd.addColorStop(0,"#584a51");
      circleGrd.addColorStop(1,"#11090d");
    this.ctx.fillStyle = circleGrd;
    this.ctx.arc(wheelItemX,wheelItemY,scaleMultiple,0,Math.PI*2,false);
    this.ctx.fill();
    this.ctx.closePath();

    //两个半圆线
    
    [
      {lineW:2,radius:scaleMultiple*.6,sAngle:getRads(-135+speed1) , eAngle:getRads(110+speed1)},
      {lineW:1.2,radius:scaleMultiple*.45,sAngle:getRads(45+speed2) , eAngle:getRads(-50+speed2)}
    ].map((k,v)=>{
      this.ctx.beginPath();
      this.ctx.lineCap="round";
      this.ctx.strokeStyle ="#fff";
      this.ctx.lineWidth=k.lineW;
      this.ctx.arc(wheelItemX,wheelItemY,k.radius,k.sAngle,k.eAngle,true);
      this.ctx.stroke();
      this.ctx.closePath();

    });
    this.ctx.restore();

  }

  //两个圆,再缩小一圈,画线圆
  Array.from({length:3}).map((k,v)=>{
    let prevIndex = v-1 <= 0 ? 0 : v-1;
    let eAngle = v*135, sAngle = -45+(prevIndex*45)+v*90;
    let radius = scaleMultiple*.75;
    let _color_ = "#120008";
    this.ctx.beginPath();
    this.ctx.lineCap="round";
    this.ctx.strokeStyle = _color_;
    this.ctx.lineWidth=3.5;
    this.ctx.arc(wheelItemX,wheelItemY,radius,getRads(sAngle+speed1),getRads(eAngle+speed1),false);
    this.ctx.stroke();
    this.ctx.closePath();

    if(v<2){
      //再缩小一圈
      let eAngleSmaller = 15+ v*210, sAngleSmaller = -30+v*90;
      let radiusSmaller = scaleMultiple*.45;
      this.ctx.beginPath();
      this.ctx.lineCap="round";
      this.ctx.strokeStyle = _color_;
      this.ctx.lineWidth=3;
      this.ctx.arc(wheelItemX,wheelItemY,radiusSmaller,getRads(sAngleSmaller+speed2),getRads(eAngleSmaller+speed2),false);
      this.ctx.stroke();
      this.ctx.closePath();
    }
    this.ctx.restore();
  });


结论 :使用moveTo把画布坐标从O移动到A点 x/y,lineToA开始画到B结束,再从BC点,闭合,即一个三角完成


//方法二:三角形
  …………此处省略 N 行代码
  [
  {
    moveX:triangleX1,
    moveY:triangleY1,
    lineX1:coordinateX,
    lineY1:triangleH1,
    lineX2:discX,
    lineY2:discY,
  },
  {
    moveX:triangleX2+15,
    moveY:triangleY2,
    lineX1:triangleX1,
    lineY1:triangleY1,
    lineX2:discX,
    lineY2:triangleH2,
  },
  ].map((k,v)=>{
    this.ctx.beginPath();
    this.ctx.moveTo(k.moveX,k.moveY); //把坐标移动到 A 点,从 A 开始
    this.ctx.strokeStyle = this.gearColor;
    this.ctx.lineWidth=coordinateW;
    this.ctx.lineTo(k.lineX1,k.lineY1);//从 A 开始,画到 B 点结束
    this.ctx.lineTo(k.lineX2,k.lineY2); //再从 B 到 C 点,闭合
    this.ctx.closePath();
    this.ctx.stroke();
    this.ctx.restore();
  });
  ……

//方法一:菱形
  
  …………此处省略 N 行代码
  this.ctx.beginPath();
  this.ctx.strokeStyle = this.gearColor;
  this.ctx.lineWidth=coordinateW;
  this.ctx.moveTo(polygon1X,polygon1Y);
  this.ctx.lineTo(coordinateX,height);
  this.ctx.lineTo(discX,discY); 
  this.ctx.lineTo(polygon2X,polygon1Y+5);
  this.ctx.lineTo(polygon2X-5,polygon1Y);
  this.ctx.lineTo(polygon1X,polygon1Y);
  this.ctx.closePath();
  this.ctx.stroke();
  ……

  //坐位
  this.ctx.restore();
  let seatX = (discX-85),seatY=discY-140;
  let curve1Cpx = [seatX-5,seatY+30,seatX+75,seatY+8];
  let curve2Cpx =[seatX+85,seatY-5,seatX,seatY]; 
  this.ctx.beginPath();
  // this.ctx.fillStyle = this.gearColor;
  let grd=this.ctx.createLinearGradient(seatX,seatY,seatX+10,seatY+60); //渐变的角度 
  grd.addColorStop(0,"#712450");
  grd.addColorStop(1,"#11090d");
  this.ctx.fillStyle = grd;
  this.ctx.moveTo(seatX,seatY);
  this.ctx.quadraticCurveTo(...curve1Cpx);
  this.ctx.quadraticCurveTo(...curve2Cpx);
  this.ctx.fill();

  //车前轴上的手柄
  let steeringX = lever1X-20,steeringY = lever1Y-45;
  let steeringStep1 = [steeringX+40,steeringY-10,steeringX+40,steeringY-10,steeringX+35,steeringY+15]
  let steeringStep2 = [steeringX+30,steeringY+25,steeringX+25,steeringY+23,steeringX+18,steeringY+23]
  this.ctx.beginPath();
  this.ctx.lineCap="round";
  this.ctx.strokeStyle = "#712450";
  this.ctx.lineWidth=coordinateW;
  this.ctx.moveTo(steeringX,steeringY); //40 60;
  this.ctx.bezierCurveTo(...steeringStep1);
  this.ctx.bezierCurveTo(...steeringStep2);
  this.ctx.stroke();
  this.ctx.closePath();


  discGear(coordinateX,coordinateY,coordinateW){
    //车中间齿轮盘 disc
    let discX = coordinateX,discY = coordinateY;
    let discRadius = this.wheelRadius*.36;//车轮的 3.6;

    let discDotX = discX+discRadius+8,discDotY = discRadius/.98;
    this.ctx.restore();
    this.ctx.save();
    this.ctx.translate(discX,discY);
    // this.ctx.rotate(-(Math.PI/2));

    Array.from({length:30}).map((v,index)=>{
      let radian = (Math.PI / 15) ;
      this.ctx.beginPath();
      this.ctx.lineCap="round";
      this.ctx.strokeStyle = this.color;
      this.ctx.rotate(radian);
      this.ctx.lineWidth=3;
      this.ctx.moveTo(0,discDotY);
      this.ctx.lineTo(1.5,discDotY);
      // ctx.arc(discDotX,discDotY,6,0,Math.PI*2,false);
      this.ctx.closePath();
      this.ctx.stroke();

    });
    this.pedal(discX,discY,discRadius);
    this.pedal(discX,discY,discRadius,1);
    
    this.ctx.restore();
  }
  pedal(coordinateX,coordinateY,discRadius,turnAngle=0){

    //脚踏板,分两次初始化,一次在中心齿轮绘制之前,一次在之后,
   //本文由 @IT·平头哥联盟-首席填坑官∙苏南分享

    let pedalX = coordinateX, pedalY = coordinateY - discRadius*.7;
    let pedalW = 6,
        pedalH =  discRadius*1.9;
    let radian = (this.animateNum)*(Math.PI / 180) ;
    let radianHor = (this.animateNum)*(Math.PI / 180) ;
    let turnAngleNum = 1;
    let moveY = 28;
    if(turnAngle !== 0){
      this.ctx.rotate(-180*(Math.PI/180));
      turnAngleNum = (Math.PI/180);
    };
    this.ctx.beginPath();
    this.ctx.rotate(radian*turnAngleNum);
    this.ctx.lineCap="round";
    this.ctx.strokeStyle = this.gearColor;
    this.ctx.lineWidth=pedalW;
    this.ctx.moveTo(-1,moveY);
    this.ctx.lineTo(0,pedalH);
    this.ctx.closePath();
    this.ctx.stroke();
    
    this.ctx.save();
    let pedalHorW = pedalH/1.5,pedalHorH=pedalW;
    this.ctx.translate(0,pedalH);
    this.ctx.beginPath();
    this.ctx.rotate(-radianHor);

    this.ctx.lineCap="round";
    this.ctx.fillStyle = "#fff";
    this.ctx.strokeStyle = this.gearColor;
    this.ctx.lineWidth =2;
    this.ctx.roundRect(-pedalHorW/2,-2,pedalHorW,pedalHorH,5);
    this.ctx.closePath();
    this.ctx.fill();
    this.ctx.stroke();

    this.ctx.restore();
  }

  //链条

  let chainW = ( coordinateX+discRadius - this.wheelPos[0].x) / 2;
  let chainX = this.wheelPos[0].x +chainW-5 ;
  let chainY = coordinateY;
  this.ctx.save();
  this.ctx.translate(chainX,chainY+4.8);
  this.ctx.rotate(-2*(Math.PI/180));
  let r = chainW+chainW*.06,h = discRadius/2;
  this.ctx.beginPath();
  this.ctx.moveTo(-r, -1);
  this.ctx.lineWidth=3;
  this.ctx.strokeStyle = "#1e0c1a";
  this.ctx.bezierCurveTo(-r,h*1.5,r,h*4,r,0);
  this.ctx.bezierCurveTo(r,-h*4,-r,-h*1.5,-r,0);
  this.ctx.closePath();
  this.ctx.stroke();
  this.ctx.restore();

尾声

以上就是今天@IT·平头哥联盟-首席填坑官苏南给你带来的分享,整个车的绘制过程,感觉车架部分应该还有更好的做法,如果您有更好的建议及想法,欢迎斧正,最后送上完整的示例图!

文章源码获取-> blog-resource 👈

想直接在线预览 👈

PS:如果您觉得文章不错,记得关注我哦下方 公众号

作者:苏南 - 首席填坑官
交流群:912594095,公众号:honeyBadger8
链接: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43254766/article/details/83267817
本文原创,著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系@IT·平头哥联盟获得授权,非商业转载请注明原链接及出处。

1844 次点击
所在节点    分享创造
5 条回复
southSu
2018-10-29 19:28:18 +08:00
途径是波折的,甚至是曲折的,但它究竟是越走越宽。祝您将来一路顺风😝,
晚上好,我是苏南,用心分享,做有温度的攻城狮!
Mirachael
2018-10-31 11:04:04 +08:00
可以啊
caijunyi
2018-10-31 22:28:19 +08:00
厉害
southSu
2018-11-02 16:54:51 +08:00
@caijunyi
心里有阳光,
才能看到世界美好的一面,
自信、宽容、给予、感恩,
让心里的阳光,
照亮生活中的点点滴滴!
——下午好,我是苏南,感谢您的支持!
southSu
2018-11-02 17:03:56 +08:00
@Mirachael
愿有岁月可回首,且似温柔待此生!——下午好,我是苏南,感谢您的支持,愿你安好,加油!

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