php7 怎么比 Java 还快？

有点反认知，分别用 PHP 与 Java Spring Boot 写了个返回 1 个像素点图片的接口，结果 php 比 java 快。

代码

PHP 代码

<?php
//xpng.php

header("Content-type: image/png");

echo base64_decode("iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVQImWP4////fwAJ+wP9CNHoHgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==");

Java 代码

//XController.java

package com.abtest;

import java.util.Base64;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class XController {
    @RequestMapping("/x.png")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> xpng() {
        String onepointpngBase64 = "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVQImWP4////fwAJ+wP9CNHoHgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==";
        HttpHeaders responseHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
        responseHeaders.set("Content-type", "image/png");
        byte[] decodedValue = Base64.getDecoder().decode(onepointpngBase64);
        return new ResponseEntity<byte[]>(decodedValue, responseHeaders, HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}

开始测试

Server 分别 SpringBoot Jar 包自带的 Apache Tomcat/9.0.24

PHP 就是 PHP 7.0.33-0+deb9u1 (cli) 自带的低性能调试用 server （使用php -S localhost:7767 -t .运行）

AB 结果反直觉，PHP 居然比 Java 快

PHP 结果耗时 0.125 秒

$ ab -n 1000 -c 1000 "http://localhost:7767/xpng.php"
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking localhost (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
Completed 400 requests
Completed 500 requests
Completed 600 requests
Completed 700 requests
Completed 800 requests
Completed 900 requests
Completed 1000 requests
Finished 1000 requests


Server Software:       
Server Hostname:        localhost
Server Port:            7767

Document Path:          /xpng.php
Document Length:        70 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1000
Time taken for tests:   0.125 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Total transferred:      190000 bytes
HTML transferred:       70000 bytes
Requests per second:    8011.99 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       124.813 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.125 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          1486.60 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    6   5.5      8      14
Processing:     5   22  20.1     13      69
Waiting:        4   22  20.2     12      69
Total:          8   29  21.3     19      71

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     19
  66%     24
  75%     37
  80%     62
  90%     68
  95%     70
  98%     70
  99%     70
 100%     71 (longest request)

Java 结果耗时 0.498 秒

$ ab -n 1000 -c 1000 "http://localhost:8080/x.png"
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1757674 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking localhost (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
Completed 400 requests
Completed 500 requests
Completed 600 requests
Completed 700 requests
Completed 800 requests
Completed 900 requests
Completed 1000 requests
Finished 1000 requests


Server Software:       
Server Hostname:        localhost
Server Port:            8080

Document Path:          /x.png
Document Length:        70 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1000
Time taken for tests:   0.498 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Total transferred:      188000 bytes
HTML transferred:       70000 bytes
Requests per second:    2007.85 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       498.046 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.498 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          368.63 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    1   3.2      0      11
Processing:     5   73  63.3     48     237
Waiting:        3   64  56.7     41     194
Total:          5   74  66.0     48     247

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     48
  66%     63
  75%     76
  80%     88
  90%    216
  95%    225
  98%    229
  99%    234
 100%    247 (longest request)

auciou2

2019-09-23 18:50:22 +08:00

@shansing 是的，那个公开资料我之前看过。实际的测试数据，和那个资料是不一样的。我的测试数据，是循环 100 万次时间太短，所以循环 1000 万次。
这 2 个月在开发一键 LAMP/LNMP，顺便把这些 PHP 的性能测试了一下。本来我一直用 PHP 5.3、5.5，速度也很快。

测试结果，PHP 7.4 的执行速度约是 PHP 7.3 的 1.8 倍～ 2 倍； PHP 7.4 的执行速度约是 PHP 5.3 的 10 倍； PHP 7.4 的执行速度约是 PHP 5.5 的 5 倍多，PHP 7.0、7.1、7.2、7.3 的速度差异不大，这 4 个版本当时没有具体记录，大概最多是 20%-40%的差别。
但是，PHP 7.3 到 PHP 7.4 这样大的提升，当时我十分吃惊。所以我的项目正在转向 PHP 7.4，也正在把 PHP 5 的程序都慢慢改写为 PHP 7，已经写了 2 个月。

一个月前当时的一点测试记录：
环境为 Ubuntu、Debian+Apache，执行 1000 万次的循环程序，测试结果如：

PHP 执行时间：(单位：微秒)
PHP 7.4 0.045616865158081 (Ubuntu 16+PPA)
PHP 7.0 0.099370956420898 (Debian 9) (PHP 7.0 ～ 7.3 变化不太大)
PHP 5.3 0.52340078353882 (Ubuntu 12)
PHP 5.5.9 0.25087404251099 (Ubuntu 14)

在高并发时可能会有很大的差别。PHP 的瓶颈主要是在网络线路，MySQL，或者数据库的设计。