churlish(形容词):粗鲁的;无礼的;脾气坏的(常指态度生硬、不友善,缺乏礼貌或体贴)。
/ˈtʃɜːrlɪʃ/
His churlish reply made the conversation end quickly.
他粗鲁的回答让谈话很快就结束了。
Though the staff tried to help, the customer remained churlish, refusing to listen and blaming everyone for the delay.
尽管工作人员努力帮忙,那位顾客仍然态度粗鲁,不肯听解释,并把延误怪到每个人头上。
churlish 来自中古英语 churl(原意为“农民、乡下人、平民”),后来逐渐带上贬义,指“粗鄙的人”。加上形容词后缀 -ish(表示“……的”),形成 churlish,语义演变为“像粗鄙之人那样的”→“粗鲁无礼的”。